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What is impedance                     (circuitspedia.com)

Impedance (Z)  is similar to Resistance (R) . Impedance and Resistance both oppose the current in circuit. Both are almost the same thing , But resistance related to DC Circuit. Resistance oppose the steady electric current in DC circuit. Resistance remains same (constant) at any different frequency range.

Impedance is related with AC circuit. Impedance vary according to changing the frequency, this is not constant at different frequency range. Impedance also includes reactance (Inductive and capacitive property of the circuit).

Reactance -  Reactance is the Resistance produced to AC Currents by Inductors and Capacitors only. This is a measure of the type of opposition to AC electricity due to capacitance or inductance.

The impedance is denoted by Z and unit of it is Ohm (Ω).

If the level of ohm is higher then level  impedance is also higher. 

Impedance = Resistance + Reactance (Either inductive or Capacitive or both)

In DC circuit, Impedance is effective Resistance of the circuit.

                Z= R

In AC circuits, it possesses both magnitude and phase, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. 

In the case of capacitor, When the frequency increased then the resistance (Impedance ) of capacitor decreases. In Inductor this is just opposite, When we increase the frequency range then Impedance increase in inductor.

Impedance Z=\frac{V}{I} 

Impedance is defined as combination of resistance and reactance.

What is impedance

As we cannot assume any circuit with DC Current without Resistance , We cannot assume a circuit with AC current without Impedance.

Resistive Power- Energy burns by resistive power to Heat  goes through that system ,

In Reactive Power- the energy goes to Antennas, Speaker,  transmission line, cable etc represents how much energy to be stored and propagates. Not burn to heat ie Impedance.

Resistance  R=\frac{V}{I}   If there is Only Resistor is connected with Load in any circuit then is called Resistor.

R.jpg

   • Reactance  Z=\frac{V}{I}     If any circuit there is Only inductor or capacitor connected with load. Then the value of v/I is called reactance.

In Reactance There are 2 cases

(1)  If inductor in connected then in this case reactance is called inductive reactance,

L.jpg

and its value in scalar form  XL = ѡL,  and in vector form XL=JѡL  Where ѡ=2Πf.  Here If frequency is increased then the value of wL is also increased.

(2) If Capacitor is connected then the Reactance is called Capacitive Reactance and it is denoted by (scalar form) Xc =\fn_jvn Xc=\frac{1}{C}  

c.jpg

In vector form \fn_jvn Xc=\frac{1}{j\omega C}   Where  \fn_jvn \omega =\frac{1}{2\pi fc}  If frequency (f) is increased then value of Xc is decreased.  ie ω inversly proportional to 2Πf.

♦  Impedance –  If Any circuit consist Resistance -Inductor. Or Resistance - Capacitor, Or Resistance-inductor-Capacitor. Then the value of v/I is called Impedance.

It is denoted by Z=\frac{V}{I}   

  • If Resistor(R) and Inductor(L) connected –The value of Impedance (scaler form) Z=\sqrt{R^2+(L\omega )^2}  

RL.jpg

In vector form Z= R+jωL

  • If Resistor (R) and Capacitor(C) connected -  Then

RC.jpg

Impedance  \fn_jvn Z=\sqrt{R^2+(\frac{1}{C\omega })^2}

And In vector form impedance \fn_jvn Z=R+\frac{1}{j\omega C}

  • If Resistor (R) , Inductor (L) capacitor (C) Connected - Then

          rlc.jpg  

Impedance   \fn_jvn Z=\sqrt{R^2+(L\omega -\frac{1}{C\omega })^2}    

In vector form   \fn_jvn Z=R+j\omega L-\frac{1}{j\omega C}

Phasor Diagram of Impedance

Impedance and Resistance

Unit

  • Impedance - Ω
  • Reactance -  Ω
  • Resistance - Ω

 Download 

What is impedance .pdf

also read

What is 555 timer

What is NOT Gate Logic 

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