Alarm System Powered By Arduino

18 January, 2017

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Dejan Nedelkovski had built an Arduino security and alarm system project that uses an ultrasonic sensor for detecting objects and a buzzer for notification.

Components needed to build this simple system are: Arduino board, LCD display, 4×4 keypad, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. The circuit can be connected as shown in the schematics below.

In order to build the project, you have to connect the buzzer with a PWM pin and the keypad pins where 4 of the 8 pins are for rows and the rest are for columns.

“The 4×4 keypad has 8 pins, 4 of them are for the rows and 4 of them for the columns of the keypad. Each button is actually a push button switch which makes a short between one row and column when pressed. So, for example, if we set the row 1 line low, and all column lines high, when we will press, for example, the button 3, due to the short between the two lines, the column 3 line will drop to low so in such a case we can register that the button 3 has been pressed.”

For connecting the LCD display and ultrasonic sensor you can check this detailed video tutorial by Dejan Nedelkovski and to see the project in action:

We want to activate the alarm by setting the A button to activate it. B button is used to change the password, and you need to enter the preset password “1234” to be able to change it.

After activating the alarm by pressing A, a 200 milliseconds sound will be produced from the buzzer showing that the alarm is now active. A message on the LCD display will appear to saying “Alarm will be activated in” and a countdown will be running afterwards until the alarm is completely active. At the end of the countdown a ” Alarm Activated” is on the display and the sensor will start working. Comparing with the initial distance at the start, the sensor will measure the distance is smaller than the initial distance, corrected by a value of 10 cms. The buzzer will produce a sound if an object is observed as per the condition.

Here’s the complete source code of the Arduino alarm system:

/*
* Arduino Security and Alarm System
*
* by Dejan Nedelkovski,
* www.HowToMechatronics.com
*
*/
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // includes the LiquidCrystal Library 
#include <Keypad.h>
#define buzzer 8
#define trigPin 9
#define echoPin 10
long duration;
int distance, initialDistance, currentDistance, i;
int screenOffMsg =0;
String password="1234";
String tempPassword;
boolean activated = false; // State of the alarm
boolean isActivated;
boolean activateAlarm = false;
boolean alarmActivated = false;
boolean enteredPassword; // State of the entered password to stop the alarm
boolean passChangeMode = false;
boolean passChanged = false;
const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
const byte COLS = 4; //four columns
char keypressed;
//define the cymbols on the buttons of the keypads
char keyMap[ROWS][COLS] = {
  {'1','2','3','A'},
  {'4','5','6','B'},
  {'7','8','9','C'},
  {'*','0','#','D'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {14, 15, 16, 17}; //Row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[COLS] = {18, 19, 20, 21}; //Column pinouts of the keypad
Keypad myKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keyMap), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS); 
LiquidCrystal lcd(1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7); // Creates an LC object. Parameters: (rs, enable, d4, d5, d6, d7) 
void setup() { 
  lcd.begin(16,2); 
  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT); // Set buzzer as an output
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
}
void loop() {
  if (activateAlarm) {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd.print("Alarm will be");
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);
    lcd.print("activated in");
   
    int countdown = 9; // 9 seconds count down before activating the alarm
    while (countdown != 0) {
      lcd.setCursor(13,1);
      lcd.print(countdown);
      countdown--;
      tone(buzzer, 700, 100);
      delay(1000);
    }
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd.print("Alarm Activated!");
    initialDistance = getDistance();
    activateAlarm = false;
    alarmActivated = true;
  }
  if (alarmActivated == true){
      currentDistance = getDistance() + 10;
      if ( currentDistance < initialDistance) {
        tone(buzzer, 1000); // Send 1KHz sound signal 
        lcd.clear();
        enterPassword();
      }
    }
  if (!alarmActivated) {
    if (screenOffMsg == 0 ){
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
      lcd.print("A - Activate");
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);
      lcd.print("B - Change Pass");
      screenOffMsg = 1;
    }
    keypressed = myKeypad.getKey();
     if (keypressed =='A'){        //If A is pressed, activate the alarm
      tone(buzzer, 1000, 200);
      activateAlarm = true;            
    }
    else if (keypressed =='B') {
      lcd.clear();
      int i=1;
      tone(buzzer, 2000, 100);
      tempPassword = "";
      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
      lcd.print("Current Password");
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);
      lcd.print(">");
      passChangeMode = true;
      passChanged = true;   
      while(passChanged) {      
      keypressed = myKeypad.getKey();
      if (keypressed != NO_KEY){
        if (keypressed == '0' || keypressed == '1' || keypressed == '2' || keypressed == '3' ||
            keypressed == '4' || keypressed == '5' || keypressed == '6' || keypressed == '7' ||
            keypressed == '8' || keypressed == '9' ) {
         tempPassword += keypressed;
         lcd.setCursor(i,1);
         lcd.print("*");
         i++;
         tone(buzzer, 2000, 100);
        }
      }
      if (i > 5 || keypressed == '#') {
        tempPassword = "";
        i=1;
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0,0);
        lcd.print("Current Password");
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print(">"); 
      }
      if ( keypressed == '*') {
        i=1;
        tone(buzzer, 2000, 100);
        if (password == tempPassword) {
          tempPassword="";
          lcd.clear();
          lcd.setCursor(0,0);
          lcd.print("Set New Password");
          lcd.setCursor(0,1);
          lcd.print(">");
          while(passChangeMode) {
            keypressed = myKeypad.getKey();
            if (keypressed != NO_KEY){
              if (keypressed == '0' || keypressed == '1' || keypressed == '2' || keypressed == '3' ||
                  keypressed == '4' || keypressed == '5' || keypressed == '6' || keypressed == '7' ||
                  keypressed == '8' || keypressed == '9' ) {
                tempPassword += keypressed;
                lcd.setCursor(i,1);
                lcd.print("*");
                i++;
                tone(buzzer, 2000, 100);
              }
            }
            if (i > 5 || keypressed == '#') {
              tempPassword = "";
              i=1;
              tone(buzzer, 2000, 100);
              lcd.clear();
              lcd.setCursor(0,0);
              lcd.print("Set New Password");
              lcd.setCursor(0,1);
              lcd.print(">");
            }
            if ( keypressed == '*') {
              i=1;
              tone(buzzer, 2000, 100);
              password = tempPassword;
              passChangeMode = false;
              passChanged = false;
              screenOffMsg = 0;
            }            
          }
        }
      }
    }
   }
 }
}
void enterPassword() {
  int k=5;
  tempPassword = "";
  activated = true;
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print(" *** ALARM *** ");
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print("Pass>");
      while(activated) {
      keypressed = myKeypad.getKey();
      if (keypressed != NO_KEY){
        if (keypressed == '0' || keypressed == '1' || keypressed == '2' || keypressed == '3' ||
            keypressed == '4' || keypressed == '5' || keypressed == '6' || keypressed == '7' ||
            keypressed == '8' || keypressed == '9' ) {
          tempPassword += keypressed;
          lcd.setCursor(k,1);
          lcd.print("*");
          k++;
        }
      }
      if (k > 9 || keypressed == '#') {
        tempPassword = "";
        k=5;
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0,0);
        lcd.print(" *** ALARM *** ");
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("Pass>");
      }
      if ( keypressed == '*') {
        if ( tempPassword == password ) {
          activated = false;
          alarmActivated = false;
          noTone(buzzer);
          screenOffMsg = 0; 
        }
        else if (tempPassword != password) {
          lcd.setCursor(0,1);
          lcd.print("Wrong! Try Again");
          delay(2000);
          lcd.clear();
          lcd.setCursor(0,0);
          lcd.print(" *** ALARM *** ");
          lcd.setCursor(0,1);
          lcd.print("Pass>");
        }
      }    
    }
}
// Custom function for the Ultrasonic sensor
long getDistance(){
  //int i=10;
  
  //while( i<=10 ) {
  // Clears the trigPin
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  // Calculating the distance
  distance = duration*0.034/2;
  //sumDistance += distance;
  //}
  //int averageDistance= sumDistance/10;
  return distance;
}