Cost and size, just to mention a few, makes using an Arduino board in certain projects an overkill, often times its always too big, or too expensive for the scope of the project especially when it’s a project that we need to make several units. One good way to retain the simplicity that comes with the use of the Arduino platform while avoiding all other deficiencies is to use the Atmega328p microcontroller alone and program it using the Arduino IDE and its simplified version of the C programming language. However, the atmega328p microcontroller cannot be used with the Arduino IDE until it is flashed with the Arduino bootloader.
Our goal for this tutorial will be to understand how the Arduino bootloader works and how an Atmeg328p microcontroller can be flashed with it.
Installing the Arduino Bootloader on the Atmega328p Microcontroller – [Link]