Maxim Integrated MAX25302A/B 2A Automotive LDO Linear Regulators are 1.7V–5.5V VIN, low-noise linear regulators. The regulators deliver up to 2A of output current with only 5.1μVRMS of output noise from 10Hz to 100kHz. They maintain ±1% output accuracy over a wide input voltage range, requiring only 100mV of input-to-output headroom at full load. The 1.3mA no-load supply current is independent of dropout voltage.
Analog Devices Inc. ADP5320 Power Management Unit (PMU) is designed to meet the demanding performance and board space requirements for wearable applications. This PMU combines nine digitally adjustable regulators, a fuel gauge, a 12-bit ADC, 2KB of OTP memory, and anticounterfeit logic in a 42-ball. The regulators include 2x buck-boost, 1x buck regulator, 5x Low Dropout (LDO) regulators, and one low input LDO. This ADP5320 PMU operates from a 1.8V to 5.5V input supply voltage range that enables the device for use with multiple types of battery inputs. The PMU features a power-good monitor, watchdog power hard reset, and I2C interface with interrupt warning.
The ADP5320 PMU fuel gauge includes a precision 16-bit coulomb counter that integrates battery current flowing through the device. A 12-bit ADC is included to monitor battery voltage, output supply voltages, and junction temperature. The ADP5320 PMU buck-boost regulators are high efficiency, step up and step down regulators. This PMU operates from -10°C to 70°C temperature range. Typical applications include wearable medical applications, IoT applications, disposable sensor devices, and battery-powered devices.
Features
1.8V to 5.5V wide input supply voltage range
5.1μA standby mode low quiescent current, including UVLO
16-bit coulomb counter fuel gauge with integrated high-side current sensing resistor
12-bit ADC to monitor battery voltage, output voltages, and junction temperature
Channels 1 and Channel 2:
150mA low power buck-boost regulator
Selective buck, boost, or buck-boost operation
Selective hysteresis or Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode
50kHz to 225kHz selective PWM frequency
2x programmable GPIOs for clock synchronization or fast stop switching input
Channel 3:
150mA low power buck regulator
Channel 4 through Channel 6, and Channel 8:
50mA low noise LDO and 1.65V to 5.5V input supply voltage range
Channel 7:
50mA sink current LDO
Channel 9:
50mA, low noise LDO, and 1V to 1.9V input supply voltage range
I2C interface with interrupt warning
2KB OTP memory
Power-good monitor and watchdog power hard reset
UVLO, peak current-limit protection, and TSD protection
Integrated anticounterfeit logic module
42-ball, 0.40mm pitch, and 2.880mm x 2.980mm WLCSP
-10°C to 70°C operating junction temperature range
The LD20 single-use liquid flow sensor series from Sensirion, the expert in flow and environmental sensor technology, is suitable for fast, precise and reliable measurements of the lowest flow rates in biomedical applications. The evaluation kit for the LD20-0600L version is now also available from distributors. The sensor manufacturer thus provides its customers with the sensor quickly and easily for initial evaluations and proof-of-concept prototype tests in small quantities.
The LD20-0600L liquid flow sensor is based on Sensirion’s proven CMOSens® Technology and optimizes costs by simplifying the design without sacrificing easy fluidic, electrical and mechanical connections. Luer lock fittings ensure safe and secure integration into the fluidic line. The straight and unobstructed flow channel design has no moving parts. Medical-grade wetted materials provide outstanding chemical resistance and excellent media compatibility. While it can provide bidirectional measurement of ultra-low flow rates up to 20 ml/h, the sensor can also be used to detect common failure modes such as occlusion, air in line or free flow with unprecedented speed and sensitivity.
Features
20ml/h full-scale flow rate for water-based liquids
Bidirectional measurement and real-time failure detection
High sensitivity for detection of occlusions and air-in-line events
Media isolation so the sensor chip has no contact with valuable medications or body fluids
Inert, medical-grade wetted materials
<50ms response time
Low power consumption
Fully calibrated, linearized, and temperature compensated digital I2C signal from a single chip
The logic NOT gate always returns a not (opposite) of the input signal. It is the simplest and most basic form of a logic gate having only one input and one output. The logic NOT gate is also termed as Inverting Buffer or an Inverter because of its inverting response.
A logic level of “LOW” at the input of a logic NOT gate will be returned as “HIGH” at its output and a logic “HIGH” input will be inverted to “LOW” at the output. In other words, a logic NOT gate complements the input signal at its output.
Because of its complementing response, it is called a logic NOT gate. When the input will be “HIGH” its output will NOT be “HIGH” and, similarly, when its input is “LOW” then its output will NOT be “LOW”.
The logic NOT Boolean expression or logic can be expressed as:
Q= A’
Resistor – Transistor NOT Gate
The logic NOT gate can be constructed using a simple Resistor – Transistor logic as shown in the following figure:
Figure 1: The Resistor-Transistor Logic “NOT” Gate
The transistor switches between saturated “ON” and “OFF” states depending upon the signal present at its base. At logic “LOW”, the transistor will be in “OFF” state and the logic “HIGH” appears at the output. Whereas, a logic “HIGH” at the input of the base will switch the transistor to an “ON” state and connects the output to the ground or zero potential. Hence, a logic “LOW” appears at the input. It is obvious that the circuit is performing as a function of inverter or logic NOT gate.
Logic NOT Gate Symbol & Truth Table
The logic NOT gate symbol has a triangular shape and points towards the output with a circle. The circle denotes the inversion and is called “Inversion Bubble”. The base or flat side of the triangle has the input connected to it. The symbol of a logic NOT gate is shown below:
Figure 2: Logic “NOT” Gate Symbol
The simple truth table of a simple NOT gate is:
The “Inversion Bubble” is also used in other logic gates to denote the logic inversion. Such as the “Inversion Bubble” at the output of AND and OR gates will represent a logic of NAND and NOR, respectively.
The “Inversion Bubble” can also be used at the inputs to represents an active-low signal which leads to a logic “HIGH” even though the input level is at “LOW”. It is simply an inversion at the input of a logic gate. The active-low signals are represented by circles at the pins of an IC’s pinout diagram.
The following set of figures show a number of variations of logic inversions.
Figure 3: Logic Gates with Inversion Bubbles
Commercially Available NOT Gates
The logic NOT gate is available in both TTL and CMOS logic families. Normally 4 or 6 NOT gates are packed within a single commercial IC package. The most commonly used NOT logic packages are:
CMOS based OR Gate IC Package
CD4009 Hex Inverter
CD4069 Hex Inverter
TTL based OR Gate IC Package
74LS04 Hex inverter
74LS1004 Hex Inverter
Figure 4: 74LS04 Package having hex “NOT” gates
Example of OR Logic
In the following figure, a NOT gate is used to drive a 12V relay to switch on the lamp using NI Multisim. The NOT gate (74LS04) energizes the relay when a “LOW” logic input is applied. The relay thus turns on the lamp through an external circuit of 12V. When the input is at the logic “HIGH” level, the 74LS04 will invert the “HIGH” to “LOW” and switch off the relay to turn off the lamp.
Figure 5: A Multisim circuit showing “NOT” logic to control an external circuit
NAND and NOR Gate Equivalents
An inversion logic or NOT logic can also be achieved by using NAND or NOR gate. A simple 2-input NAND or NOR gate can be used for this purpose as shown below figure. The inputs of NAND or NOR gate are shorted to make a common input and outputs of NAND and NOR gates are dependent on this common input which will always be inverted.
Figure 6: A logic “NOT” equivalents using NAND and NOR gates
Schmitt Inverter/ Hex Inverter
As discussed above, a logic NOT gate can be constructed using a transistor. However, transistors take time to switch between saturated “OFF” & “ON” states. The switching is accompanied by some time delay in transistors and is not instant. Moreover, the transistor has the dominant characteristic of amplification and which may lead to its operation in amplification mode. In linear amplification operation, a small change in the input leads to a significant change in its output which can also cause to switch between “OFF” & “ON” states abruptly. A Schmitt Inverter or Hex Inverter can be used to avoid these problems.
As discussed in the previous article(s), in TTL family 2 to 5V is considered as logic “HIGH” and 0 to 0.8V as logic “LOW”. The voltage level of 0.8 and 2V can be set as Lower Threshold Voltage (LTV) and Upper Threshold Voltage (UTV), respectively. The Schmitt Inverter operates on these LTV and UTV limits and changes its state instantly. Whenever the input voltage level rises above UTV i.e. 2V then Schmitt Inverter output changes to logic “LOW” (obviously, it is an inverter), and as soon as input voltage drops below LTV i.e. 0.8V then its output changes to logic “HIGH”. It keeps the previous state during the transition period and switches state instantly upon reaching threshold voltages. It can be said to have a Hysteresis built into the Schmitt Inverter.
Figure 7: A Schmitt Inverter symbol and working
Schmitt NOT Gate Oscillator
A very useful and common application of Schmitt Inverters is found in oscillators.
Square-Wave Oscillator
A simple Schmitt RC oscillator is shown in the following figure.
Figure 8: A RC Schmitt Inverter Oscillator
Initially, the capacitor is discharged and zero voltage is present at the input of Schmitt Inverter which is equivalent to logic “LOW”. Resultantly, a logic level of “HIGH” appears at the output due to inversion and the capacitor starts charging through the feedback resistor (R). The Schmitt Inverter changes its output from “HIGH” to “LOW” as soon as the capacitor charges to the upper threshold limit (UTL). The capacitor then starts to discharge through the feedback resistor (R) and Schmitt Inverter changes state from “LOW” to “HIGH” as soon as capacitor voltage hits lower threshold limit (LTV). The switching of the states continues producing a square wave at the output.
Sine-to-Square Wave Converter
The following Schmitt Inverter circuit converts the Sine-Wave to a Square-Wave. The voltage divider at the input of the Schmitt Inverter sets the quiescent point. Whereas, the capacitor at the input acts as a decoupling capacitor to block the DC component and allows Sine-Wave to pass through it. The Sine-Wave magnitude passes through UTV & LTV of Schmitt Inverter and the output of Schmitt Inverter switches between “ON” and “OFF” states. A Square-Wave appears at the output having a switching frequency equal to that of the Sine-Wave.
Figure 9: A Sine t0 Square Wave converter using Schmitt Inverter
Conclusion
The NOT gate has a logic of inverter and an inverted logic of input appears at the output.
A logic NOT gate results in a logic “LOW” when input logic is “HIGH” and in a logic “HIGH” when input logic is “LOW”.
The NOT Gate is also called an Inverter Buffer or simply Inverter.
It is symbolized by a triangle with a circle at its output terminal. The circle is termed as “Inversion Bubble” and is commonly used at the terminals to denote an inversion or active-low input.
The logic NOT can also be achieved by using NAND or NOR gate.
The logic NOT can be constructed using Resistor – Transistor Logic but TTL, CMOS & Schmitt Inverters have logic NOT gates commercially available in IC packages.
The Schmitt Inverter or Hex Inverter overcomes the issues of switching delays due to transistors-based logic circuits.
The Schmitt Inverters are commonly used in oscillators and signal converters.
Taoglas’ Accura UWC.40 is a tiny indoor centimeter-level positioning antenna for European and United States applications
Taoglas’ Accura UWC.40 is a tiny indoor centimeter-level positioning antenna with high efficiencies across the pulsed UWB communications bands. With dimensions of only 6 mm x 7 mm x 3 mm, the UWC.40 is a very small antenna that is reliable and powerful, with more than 80% efficiencies across most of the UWB bandwidth.
ARM has developed the first full 32bit microcontroller built on a flexible plastic material using a 0.8 μm process from PragmatIC.
The PlasticARM microcontroller consists of 56,340 NMOS transistors and resistors and is built on a plastic substrate developed by UK foundry PragmatIC Semiconductor in Cambridge.
The microcontroller, detailed in the journal Nature after six years of development, includes a 32bit CPU, Nested Vector Interrupt Controller (NVIC) for handling interrupts from external devices, peripherals, memories and AHB-lite bus interface as well as a read only memory with 456 bytes that holds three test programs using the ARMv6-M instruction set and the standard ARM toolchain.
The whole system-on-chip runs at a clock rate of 29 kHz from a 3 V supply and consumes 21 mW, dominated by the static power, with the processor accounting for 45 percent, memories 33 percent and peripherals 22 percent.
The PlasticARM is 12 times larger than the previous development between ARM and PragmatIC on a dedicated machine learning core and marks a significant step for low cost flexible, plastic electronics for everyday objects to connect to the Internet of Things.
The SOC was implemented with PragmatIC’s 0.8-μm process using industry-standard chip implementation tools and four metal layers on a 200 mm polyimide wafer.
The resulting chip has an area of 59.2 mm2 (without pads), and contains 18,334 NAND-equivalent gates with 28 pins, which include clock, reset, GPIO, power and other debug pins. There are no dedicated electrostatic discharge mitigation techniques used in this design. Instead, all inputs contain 140 pF capacitors, whereas all outputs are driven by output drivers with active pull-up transistors.
A key challenge is the power consumption and heat dissipation in the plastic. ARM is developing lower-power cell libraries to support more complex plastic designs up to about 100,000 gates which will enable more peripherals around the controller core. Moving to more than 1,000,000 gates will probably require complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, say the researchers.
Another challenge is to develop the programmable non-volatile memories for program storage.
Ricoh Electronic Devices Company R1810 600nA IQ Boost DC/DC Converters are boost DC/DC converters featuring a typical start-up voltage of 0.35V. Ricoh R1810 is designed for electrical power storage devices, especially 1-cell photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesters. The R1810 can start up with 9µW, making it ideal for charging a 1-cell PV element. R1810 can be used in a system working under a low-illuminance environment.
Features
Low quiescent current [600nA typical (IQ_VOUT)]
High efficiency (66% at IOUT = 5μA)
Startup with low input energy, 9μW (low illuminance)
Maxim Integrated 3A Automotive Hi-Speed USB Protectors provide high-ESD and short-circuit protection for low-voltage internal USB data and USB power line. The protectors are ideal for use in automotive radio, navigation, connectivity, and USB hub applications. The devices support Hi-Speed USB (480Mbps) and full-speed USB (12Mbps) operation. The devices also include integrated circuitry to enable fast charging for consumer devices that adhere to either the Apple® method or the Hi-Speed USB host-charger port-detection protocol and support USB on-the-go (OTG).
Features
900MHz bandwidth USB 2.0 data switches
Industry-leading RDS(ON) minimizes voltage drop on a bus line to help meet USB voltage specifications at device connector
Current-limited 31mΩ (typ) BUS switch with high capacitive load capability
Robust overvoltage and ESD protection for the automotive environment saves on external protection components
Short-to-battery and short-to-GND protection on protected HVBUS output
Short-to-battery and short-to-HVBUS protection on protected HVD+ and HVD- outputs
Two 4.0Ω (typ) RON USB 2.0 data switches
Integrated overcurrent and short-circuit auto retry
High ESD protection (HVD+, HVD-, HVBUS)
±15kV human body model
±15kV IEC 61000-4-2 air gap
±8kV IEC 61000-4-2 contact
20ms fault-blanking timeout period
Automatic transitioning of charge modes through intelligent state machine for seamless device integration
Integrated Apple iPhone 1.0A dedicated charging mode
Integrated Apple iPad 2.1A dedicated charging mode
USB-IF BC1.2 charging downstream port (CDP) and dedicated charging port (DCP) modes
Chinese telecommunication industry-standard YD/T 1591-209
Sensirion has introduced three next-generation sensors – SFM3003, SFM3013, and SFM3119 as part of SFM3xxx platform. Available worldwide via Sensirion distributors, these new flow sensors are suitable for inspiratory applications at ambient pressure. All three flow sensors offer high accuracy, very low-pressure drop, and fast signal sampling. Moreover, these devices are fully calibrated and temperature-compensated and can accurately measure flow rates in both directions.
The SFM3003 flow sensor has an extended flow range between -150 and 300 slm. It is based on the technology used in the SFM3019 sensor and provides high volume of flow sensors for inspiratory flow measurements in medical ventilators. It comes with a wider flow range and improved specifications. The flow of air, oxygen and mixtures thereof at rates between -30 and 300 slm can be measured with high accuracy, reliability and long-term stability and no recalibration is required. It has a very low pressure drop, ultra-fast response time and optimal signal-to-noise ratio. The SFM3013 flow sensor is a variant of the SFM3003. It is resistant to overpressure (up to 1 bar) and calibrated for heliox gas. This sensor is ideal for high volume and cost-efficient applications.
The SFM3119 flow sensor is a successor of SFM3100 flow sensor and a compact digital flow meter that comes with a digital I2C output and improved specifications. It is accurate and fast at measuring flows of air, oxygen and mixtures thereof between -10 and 240 slm. Its compact design enables it to be easily integrated into existing devices. The SFM3119 flow meter has a low pressure drop and is suitable for inspiratory flow sensing in applications such as ventilation and anesthesia, and for mixing oxygen and air to a very precise degree.
Upon order, the customers get comprehensive support and all important documents (data sheets, application notes, engineering guide, CAD files, etc.) to make the process of starting new projects easy and straightforward.
IoThing Digital is a professional digital I/O module with two high-power Omron G5Q-14 relays and two digital input channels (based on Texas Instruments ISO1211). It allows digital input of both DC and AC signals, so you are not limited in your choice of input voltage level. You can choose the voltage range yourself, for example, 60 VDC or 220 VAC or any other, up to 300 V. The design of this board also integrates a DC-DC converter and a slot for mikroBUS modules.
IoThing Digital can be used as an add-on module for popular SoMs such as Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Adafruit, Particle, SparkFun, Teensy boards and others. We will also be providing PCBs based on LPC824, SAMD21 and STM32F411 microcontrollers as add-on options during this campaign. As a bonus, IoThing Digital measures 65 mmx 56 mm and corresponds to the popular format of the Raspberry Pi 3A+, which greatly simplifies its use with the Raspberry Pi.
Perfect for Professionals and Hobbyists
IoThing Digital is perfect for engineers who are designing distributed / decentralized control systems, developers of modern IoT and IIoT (in which our module can be used as a basis for building compact embedded systems), and even amateur designers who automate everything – from thermometers in windows, to heating systems, up to the implementation of smart homes and smart farms.
Features & Specifications
MCP23008 chip with I2C bus for relay control and digital signal input
Supports 100 kHz and 400 KHz on I2C bus
Selection of one of eight addresses on the I2C bus for the MCP23008 using jumpers on the bottom-side of the module, default address is 0100 010x
Grove connector for external module with I2C bus
Compatible with major well-known microcontrollers
2 SPDT relays
Current consumption of each relay is less than 80 mA
Characteristics for resistive load: 3 A 30 VDC or 3 A 250 VAC
Dielectric strength: 4 kV VAC, for 1 minute between coil and contacts; 1 kV VAC, for 1 minute between contacts of the same polarity
Compliant to IEC 61131-2; Type 1, 2, 3 characteristics for 24 V insulated digital inputs
You can enter the values of two digital signals, from 9 V to 300 V, DC and AC
Accurate Current Limit for Low-Power Dissipation – 2.2 mA to 2.47 mA for Type 3
The maximum insulation voltage (up to 60 s) is 3600 VPK
Maximum working insulation voltage: AC – 400 VRMS, DC – 566 VDC
Reverse polarity protection
Modules you can install with the mikroBUS bus:
our modules (SoM Lite series and other modules),
Click® modules from MikroElekronika
Power supply: non-isolated, 9-36 VDC
Size: 65 x 56 mm. The format of the module corresponds to the popular format of the Raspberry Pi 3A+, which greatly simplifies its use with the Raspberry Pi.
Open Source Documentation
You can find documentation and board schematics in our datasheet.
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