Analog Devices Inc. ADPD188BI Integrated Optical Module is a complete photometric system for smoke detection using optical dual wavelength technology. The module integrates a highly efficient photometric front end, two light emitting diodes (LEDs), and two photodiodes (PDs). The module is housed in a custom package to prevent light from going from the LED to the photodiode without entering the smoke detection chamber.
The front end of the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) consists of a control block, a 14-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a 20-bit burst accumulator, and three flexible, independently configurable LED drivers. The control circuitry includes flexible LED signaling and synchronous detection. The analog front end (AFE) features best-in-class rejection of signal offset and corruption due to modulated interference commonly caused by ambient light. The data output and functional configuration occur over a 1.8V I2C interface or serial peripheral interface (SPI) port.
Features
3.8mm x 5.0mm x 0.9mm module with integrated optical components
1 blue LED, 1 IR LED, and 2 photodiodes
2 external inputs for other sensors (for example, CO and temperature)
20-bit burst accumulator enabling 20 bits per sample period
Three 370mA LED drivers
On-board sample to sample accumulator enabling up to 27 bits per data read
Würth Elektronik WSEN-HIDS Humidity Sensor utilizes a calibrated and temperature-compensated digital output with low energy requirement to measure humidity and temperature with long-term stability. The WSEN-HIDS humidity sensor is based on advanced micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and is only 2mm x 2mm x 0.9mm in size. This sensor features an integrated analog-to-digital converter and temperature sensor, which can be connected to commonly used microcontrollers via an I2C or SPI interface. The software development kit offers a fast and easy way to individually set data rates and use the interrupt pin. The small size and minimized energy requirement of Würth Elektronik WSEN-HIDS Humidity Sensor make it suitable for data loggers, as well as stationary and portable Internet of Things (IoT) applications. For modern applications, Würth Elektronik offers developers an evaluation board.
Features
MEMS-based capacitive sensing principle
0% to 100% relative humidity range
Embedded analog-to-digital converter
Fully calibrated 16-bit humidity and temperature output
Analog Devices CN0537 Reference Design for UL-217 Smoke Detector is designed to demonstrate the use of the ADPD188BI Integrated Optical Module in a smoke/fire detection application. The ADPD188BI optical module is a complete photometric system specifically designed for smoke detection applications. Using the ADPD188BI in place of traditional, discrete smoke detector circuits greatly simplifies the design as the optoelectronics (consisting of two LEDs and two photodetectors) and the analog front end (AFE) are already integrated into the package.
The Analog Devices Inc. CN0537 Reference Design for UL-217 Smoke Detector makes use of the EVAL-CN0537-ARDZ Evaluation Board. This Evaluation Board features a pre-mounted ADPD188BI Module, housed in a proprietary Smoke Chamber that is specifically designed to meet device and industry requirements. The internal geometry of this smoke chamber allows for the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) readings and, therefore, optimal PTR values for the ADPD188BI.
When combined with the EVAL-ADICUP3029 Development Platform, the EVAL-CN0537-ARDZ Evaluation Board can be used to create a Reference Design for a smoke/fire detector circuit compliant with the ANSI/UL-217 Standard for Smoke Alarms. The UL 217 Standard includes criteria to reduce nuisance alarms and address smoke characteristics between fast-moving and smoldering fires, greatly increasing accuracy and safety.
As battery-powered devices are a common use case for smoke detectors, the Reference Design minimizes data required from the sensor and the number of computations per alarm determination. This design allows the ADPD188BI to output less data, thereby saving power and reducing consumption cycles in the microcontroller, yet still meeting the strict UL-217 specifications.
CN0537 Data & Algorithm
The Data and Algorithm Packages help complete the Reference Design. The Data Package (EVAL-CN0537-DATA) provides an extensive smoke dataset taken at UL-217 certified facilities for those who wish to develop their own algorithm and the CN0537 source code, excluding the detection algorithm. The Algorithm Package (EVAL-CN0537-ALGO) includes everything in the Data Package and a UL certified smoke detection algorithm with associated algorithm project files.
Solution Options
Hardware (EVAL-CN0537-ARDZ, EVAL-ADICUP3029) – Smoke detector reference design hardware for prototyping and solution evaluation. A tested and verified UL-217 smoke detection algorithm is embedded as part of the installer for evaluation.
Evaluation Board with ADPD188BI Module and Smoke Chamber
Microcontroller Development Board
UL-217 Embedded SW Executable (.hex)
ADPD188BI no-OS driver
Data (EVAL-CN0537-DATA) – CN0537 Source Code (excluding detection algorithm) plus over 1000+ sample fire/smoke datasets taken at certified UL-217 facilities for algorithm development.
UL-217 Test Datasets Files
CN0537 Source Code
UL-217 Test Datasets User Guide
Algorithm (EVAL-CN0537-ALGO) – Full source code and UL-217 8th edition tested and verified algorithm, associated project files, CN0537 source code and over 1000+ sample fire/smoke datasets to accelerate system development.
CN0537 Source Code including UL-217 8th Ed. Detection Algorithm (.c)
MATLAB and Python UL-217 Algorithm Projects
UL-217 Test Datasets File
UL-217 Algorithm Documentation
UL-217 Test Datasets User Guide
MATLAB/Python User Guide
10 hours of phone support
Features
ADPD188BI Integrated Optical Module housed in a proprietary smoke chamber
Arduino Uno R3 compatible connectors
Selectable I2C and SPI interfaces
Reference Design lowers nuisance alarms using dual-wavelength detection with high SNR and dynamic range.
The LCDduino board enables users to create many applications/projects that require a 16×2 LCD display and Arduino. The board has the exact size of 16×2 LCD and can be installed on the backside of the LCD. This is a low-cost solution that has onboard Arduino + LCD so no extra Arduino Nano or Arduino board is required. The Arduino compatible hardware includes onboard programming and boot-loader connectors, Atmega328 microcontroller, and 16×2 LCD interface. Each Arduino I/O Pin including the VCC and GND is exposed to the connectors for easy connection with sensors and other devices. The board enables the easy interface of many devices and sensors. The operating power supply is 7 to 15V DC.
The project presented here is a low-cost video distribution amplifier capable of driving up to four video lines. The amplifier is configured with a non-inverting gain of 2. The input video source is terminated in 75 Ohms and is applied to the high impedance non-inverting input. Each output line is connected to the op-amp’s output via 75 Ohms series back termination resistor for proper cable termination. The termination resistor at the other end of the lines divides the output signal by 2, which is compensated by the gain of 2 of the op-amp. The project is built using AD8010 op-amp which is optimized for this specific function of providing excellent video performance in driving multiple video loads in parallel. Significant power is saved and heat sinking is greatly simplified because of the ability of the AD8010 to obtain this performance when running on ±5 V supply. Circuit provides 46dB of output-to-output isolation at 5Mhz driving back terminated 75 Ohms cable. Ferrite beads and high-value ceramic capacitors are used on the power supply input to reduce the noise.
4 Channel Analog Video Distribution Amplifier – [Link]
If you need to drive multiple video gadgets or monitors from a single video signal source then this board is the right choice for you. This is a 3-channel video splitter with an amplifier and the circuit is built using discrete components. Q2 and Q1 act as a signal amplifier, Q3 act as output driver, trimmer potentiometer PR1 is provided to adjust the input signal swing, PR2 Trimmer is provided to set the gain of the amplifier, D1 is the power LED. The operating power supply is 12V DC and it draws 100mA current. RCA Connector J4 is the Video signal input, RCA Connector J1, J2, J3 provide the outputs. The default gain of the circuit is 4. The bandwidth is 5Mhz, input and outputs impendence are 75 Ohms. It is important to use all 3 channels at a time or change R11 to 150 Ohms if you will only use 1 x channel or 82 Ohms if 2 x channels are in use. Adjusting the board is very easy, just connect a voltmeter at the base of Q2 and adjust the PR1 so the voltage at the base of Q2 is 1V.
3 Channel Analog Video Splitter with Video Amplifier – [Link]
This is a Knight Rider LED Light and it is one of the best Arduino projects for beginners. This board drives 16 high-power LEDs to turn them ON one by one sequentially. This is an open-source Arduino compatible project that contains 16 high current MOSFETs, Atmega328 microcontroller, 5V regulator etc. The gate of IRLR7843 MOSFETs is connected to the I/O pins of the Atmega328 chip. Screw terminals are provided to connect the LEDs and power supply. Additional 2 x tactile switches and one connector for analog input are provided for further experiments. Operating power supply 12V to 15V DC, each output can drive 1A constant current load (1W to 12 W LED) without cooling and load up to 2A with forced cool air.
Features
Operating Power Supply 12 to 15V DC
Load: Each Channel up to 1A Constant @ room Temperature, 2A Constant with Fan
LED 1W to 12W (12-24W with proper cooling with Fan)
PCB dimensions: 154.14 x 53.97 mm
Components and Operations
R1>>Pullup for Reset Pin,
R3, R15, R23, R31, R7, R17, R25, R33, R11, R19, R27, R35, R13, R21, R29, R37 >> Optional Series Resistors for current limiting
Note: This is an open-source Arduino compatible project, that can be used in many other applications which require 16 channel high power drivers. The board can drive 12V LEDs directly, if LEDs doesn’t have a series resistor or constant current circuitry, use series resistors R3, R15, R23, R31, R7, R17, R25, R33, R11, R19, R27, R35, R13, R21, R29, R37
Code
Arduino example code is provided, follow the instructions below to load the Arduino Code into a new ATMEGA328 chip
If you need safe power to run your project, then this circuit is a possible solution for you. This project provides protection to your system device against over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, thermal overload, and reverse current flow control to the system device. Basically, this project can play a key role between the power supply and the sensitive system device, where the system device will be protected against the above conditions. When there is a change other than the set parameters the circuit will disable the output and go in retry mode, until the condition is as per the set value. The project is built using MAX17561 chip. Refer to the datasheet to get further information. Refer to the schematic shown below and have look at some of the panorama of the project explained below.
Important Features:
Adjustable overvoltage protection range is between 6V and 36V
Adjustable undervoltage protection range is between 4.5V and 24V
Overvoltage-lockout (OVLO) thresholds are set using external resistors R1 and R7
Undervoltage-lockout (UVLO) thresholds are set using external resistors R2 and R8
Programmable Forward-Current Limit: 0.7A to 4.2A (±15% Accuracy) is set using R9 (R9 13K = Approx. 1Amp)
Reverse Current Flow Control Input
Thermal Overload Protection
Dual Enable Inputs: EN and High Voltage HVEN
Fault Indicator Output. FLAG goes low when the fault duration exceeds the blanking time, reverse current is detected, the thermal-shutdown mode is active, OVLO threshold is reached, or SET-Current is connected to GND.
Reverse-Current Enable Input. Open the Jumper J3 enables reverse-current flow protection. Close the Jumper J3 (RIEN to logic-high) to disable the reverse-current flow protection
EN: Close the Jumper J2 to enable the input (Active-High Enable Input)
HVEN: Close the Jumper J1 to activate HVEN High voltage Enable (36V Capable Active-Low Enable Input)
PCB dimensions: 70.01 x 51.28 mm
Switch Control
There are two independent enable inputs (HVEN and EN) for the devices. HVEN is a high-voltage-capable input. Toggle HVEN or EN to reset the fault condition once a short circuit is detected and the devices shut down.
Jumper J1 Close, Jumper J2 Open >> Switch Status ON
Jumper J1 Close, Jumper J2 Close>> Switch Status ON
Jumper J1 Open, Jumper J2 Close>> Switch Status ON
Jumper J1 Open, Jumper J2 Open>> Switch Status OFF
Jumper J3: Open enables reverse-current flow protection. Close the Jumper J3 (RIEN to logic-high) to disable the reverse-current flow protection
Adjusting Parameters
Refer to the figure which explains the formula to set the overvoltage, Under voltage, and Load Curren:
Testing the board
Perform the following steps to test the project, Close Jumper 1 and Jumper 2, connect the voltmeter on output, Connect 5V DC power supply to VCC and GND pin of CN3. Use another variable power supply, adjust the voltage to 19.5V and connect this power supply to input CN1, verify that output is 19.5V DC and Flag pin is high. Gradually increase the DC power supply voltage and verify that OUT voltage goes down and Flag pin is low when input reached approximately 33V. Gradually decrease voltage on the DC power supply and verify that OUT comes back and Flag pin is high again when the input reaches approximately 32V. So the safe range of voltage input is 19.5V to 32V with Load Capacity 1 A. This project can work with a single power supply if Fault/Flag information is not required.
Default internal factory-pre-set internal OVLO threshold is 33V (typ.) and the pre-set internal UVLO threshold is 19.2V (typ.) The current-limit protection is set using R9 to 1A, but current limit protection is programable up to 4.2A, once current reaches the threshold, the MAX17561 turns off the output after the 20.7ms (typ) blanking time and stays off during the retry period.
Auto retry Current Limit
When the current threshold is reached, the tBLANK timer begins counting. The FLAG asserts if the overcurrent condition is present for tBLANK. The timer resets if the overcurrent condition disappears before tBLANK has elapsed. A retry time delay, tRETRY, is started immediately after tBLANK has elapsed and during tRETRY time, the FETs are off. At the end of tRETRY, the FETs are turned on again. If the fault still exists, the cycle is repeated and the FLAG stays low. When the fault is removed, the FETs stay on. If the die temperature exceeds +150NC (typ) due to self-heating, the MAX17561 enables thermal shutdown until the die temperature drops by approximately 30NC . The autoretry feature reduces the system power in case of overcurrent or short-circuit conditions. During tBLANK time, when the switch is on, the supply current is held at the current current limit. During tRETRY time, when the switch is off, there is no current through the switch. Thus, the output current is much less than the programmed current limit. With a 20.7ms (typ) tBLANK and 600ms (typ) tRETRY, the duty cycle is 3.3%, resulting in a 96.7% power savings.
Reverse-Current Block Enable (RIEN)
This feature enables reverse-current protection and disables reverse-current flow from OUT to IN. The reverse-current block feature is useful in applications with inductive loads.
NGK INSULATORS, LTD., announced that it has commenced collaboration with Renesas Electronics Corporation, on promoting the widespread adoption of maintenance-free IoT devices. As the first phase of collaboration, NGK and Renesas jointly-developed a reference design for a wireless air quality sensing system that will contribute to the realization of a decarbonized society. The system was developed by combining NGK’s EnerCera battery series and Renesas’ RE Family of ultra-low power microcontrollers (MCUs).
Data collection and utilization are considered to be the most effective means of realizing a productive life or addressing social issues. Meanwhile, actions to achieve the decarbonization of society have been gathering momentum on a global basis. For example, Japan and many other countries around the world have adopted the goal of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Therefore, these countries will be required to reduce their power consumption even as they deploy numerous IoT devices for data collection purposes. To realize such a society, there is a need to develop maintenance-free IoT devices that can be powered by trace amounts of electric power obtainable from energy sources in the environment, such as peripheral light, heat, and vibration energy. It also requires for a device that do not require battery replacement.
1. Can be charged efficiently with tiny power from Solar Cell. 2. Can output high power to drive wireless communication IC etc. 3. Can drive device stably even during the night.
EnerCera battery series is a lithium-ion rechargeable battery featuring a high capacity, low resistance, and long life despite having a compact, ultra-thin body. EnerCera battery series is ideal as a power source for maintenance-free IoT devices, since it can efficiently charge itself with a weak current and output an intermittent large current to drive functions such as sensing and communication. To power a device with the electric power stored in the battery, an MCU that links the battery with sensor ICs, communication ICs, and other components is needed. For this reason, NGK has developed a reference design for promoting the widespread adoption of maintenance-free IoT devices, together with Renesas’ RE Family MCUs that realize industry-leading ultra-low power consumption.
“We are confident that the combination of NGK’s battery technology and Renesas’ ultra-low power consumption technology will accelerate the widespread adoption of battery maintenance-free IoT devices,” said Makoto Mizokuchi, Head of Low Power Products Department at Renesas.
“I’m convinced that NGK’s collaboration with Renesas will promote the development of maintenance-free IoT devices, thereby helping to solve social issues while realizing a decarbonized society.” said Iwao Ohwada, Vice President and General Manager, Advanced Device Components Div., Electronics Business Group at NGK.
As the first phase of collaboration, NGK and Renesas jointly-developed a reference design for wireless outdoor air quality sensing systems powered by solar cells. Monitoring pollution levels in outdoor air provides valuable insights on the associated health effects from elevated levels. Conventional sensing systems have presented problems such as requiring power cables due to their large power consumption and thus being subject to restrictions on sites where they could be installed. The combination of ultra-low power RE MCUs and low resistance, high-capacity EnerCera batteries will enable constant measurement of outdoor air quality indexes at all times, even with only trace amounts of intermittent electric power obtainable from the solar cells. This will allow monitoring of the degree of atmospheric pollution without having to devote time and effort to power cable wiring and battery replacement. The system can also support long-distance radio communications such as low-power wide-area (LPWA) network technologies, enabling centralized management of measurements from numerous sensors in the field.
Not only for environmental monitoring but also a variety of other fields, NGK and Renesas will continue to jointly-develop reference designs to realize the widespread adoption of maintenance-free IoT devices that combine the EnerCera battery series and RE Family MCUs.
USB has evolved over the last few years with the latest launch of the ST’s standalone VBUS-based controller. To help build a compact and efficient power adapter that provides up to 27W with zero-power operation when no cable is connected, STMicroelectronics has unveiled a new reference design with Programmable Power Supply (PPS). All new ST’s STEVAL-USBPD27S solution introduced has the PPS capabilities through three-stage architecture. Apart from the power supply section and the power control stage is the digital control stage that is built around the STM32G071KB Arm Cortex-M0+ MCU that controls the USB Type-C connector and the Power Delivery 3.0 communication protocol.
One of the key technical benefits lies in the specific algorithm running on the MCU that can control the VBUS on the secondary side, and is “compliant to USB Type-C and Power Delivery and PPS specifications”. The onboard flyback converter combines a high-performance, low-voltage PWM controller chip on the same package. For Type-C port protection, the solution is provided with a single chip solution – TCPP01-M12 – that ensures robustness and protection.
As an MCU-based solution, the reference design gives users extra flexibility to implement additional customized application layers and to incorporate ongoing improvements as the USB Power Delivery standard evolves.
The STEVAL-USBPD27S is USB power delivery 3.0 compliant with a wide range of input voltages. This is capable of delivering:
Two fixed PDOs: 5V@5A, 9V@3A
Two APDOs (PPS): 5VProg@5A, 9VProg@3A
This compact form factor of 59 x 35 x 21mm in size and 10.2 W/inch3 that has a standard output power of 27 W. With the STCH03 PWM controller offers several advantages to the solution featuring “high-voltage start-up circuitry, primary-side constant-current output regulation, and advanced power management”.
For more information on the reference design to accelerate the design of a power adapter that delivers an output of up to 27W, visit the press release by the company. The ST’s STEVAL-USBPD27S is expected to be sold at a price of $95.00.
Note: All the images were taken from the STMicroelectronics website.
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