Dual-Channel Quadrature Hall-Effect Bipolar Switch Module for Magnetic Encoder

The A1230 is a dual-channel, bipolar switch with two Hall-effect sensing elements, each providing a separate digital output for speed and direction signal processing capability. The Hall elements are photo lithographically aligned to better than 1 µm. maintaining accurate mechanical location between the two active Hall elements eliminates the major manufacturing hurdle encountered in fine-pitch detection applications. The A1230 is a highly sensitive, temperature stable magnetic sensing device ideal for use in ring magnet based, speed and direction systems located in harsh automotive and industrial environments.

The A1230 monolithic integrated circuit (IC) contains two independent Hall-effect bipolar switches located 1 mm apart. The digital outputs are out of phase so that the outputs are in quadrature when interfaced with the proper ring magnet design. This allows easy processing of speed and direction signals. Extremely low-drift amplifiers guarantee symmetry between the switches to maintain signal quadrature. The Allegro patented, high-frequency chopper-stabilization technique cancels offsets in each channel providing stable operation over the full specified temperature and voltage ranges.

Additionally, the high-frequency chopping circuits allow an increased analog signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the digital comparators internal to the IC. As a result, the A1230 achieves industry-leading digital output jitter performance that is critical in high performance motor commutation applications. An on-chip low dropout (LDO) regulator allows the use of this device over a wide operating voltage range. Post-assembly factory programming at Allegro provides sensitive switch points that are symmetrical between the two switches.

Bipolar Switch Applications and Working from Allegro Micro

There are four general categories of Hall-effect IC devices that provide a digital output: unipolar switches, bipolar switches, omnipolar switches, and latches. Bipolar switches are described in this application note. Similar application notes on unipolar switches, omnipolar switches, and latches are provided on the Allegro™ website.

Bipolar sensor ICs are designed to be sensitive switches. (Note that the term “bipolar” refers to magnetic polarities, and is not related to bipolar semiconductor chip structures.) A bipolar switch has consistent hysteresis, but individual units have switchpoints that occur in either relatively more positive or more negative ranges. These devices find application where closely-spaced, alternating north and south poles are used, resulting in minimal required magnetic signal amplitude, ΔB, because the alternation of magnetic field polarity ensures switching, and the consistent hysteresis ensures periodicity.

Applications for detecting the position of a rotating shaft, such as in a brushless dc motor (BLDC) are shown in figure 1. The multiple magnets are incorporated into a simple structure referred to as a “ring magnet,” which incorporates alternating zones of opposing magnetic polarity. The IC package adjacent to each ring magnet is the Hall bipolar switch device. When the shaft rotates, the magnetic zones are moved past the Hall device. The device is subjected to the nearest magnetic field and is turned-on when a south field is opposite, and turned-off when a north field is opposite. Note that the branded face of the device is toward the ring magnet.

Features

• It Provides Dual A & B Channel Like optical Encoder
• Simple Module help to make Magnetic Encoder for Motion Control application
• Supply 5V DC
• TTL Output
• Two matched Hall-effect switches on a single substrate
• 1 mm Hall element spacing
• Superior temperature stability and industry-leading jitter performance through use of advanced   chopper stabilization topology Integrated LDO regulator provides 3.3 V operation
• Integrated ESD protection from outputs and VCC to ground
• High-sensitivity switch points
• Robust structure for EMC protection
• Solid-state reliability
• Reverse-battery protection on supply and both output pins

Applications

• Brushless DC Motor Rotation
• Speed Sensing
• Pulse Counter
• Magnetic Encoders

Schematic

Parts List

Diagram

A1230 Datasheet

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